Tanzania Expands Mobile Connectivity Via Satellite
The Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) has released its first rules for Direct-to-Mobile Phone (D2M) satellite services. The new framework, issued in July 2025, explains how satellite operators and mobile companies can work together to bring satellite connectivity directly to smartphones across the country.
In the past, satellite communication meant using special satellite phones. Now, satellites can use existing mobile frequencies, letting ordinary smartphones connect directly. This is part of a global trend called Direct-to-Device (D2D) or Space-Based Cellular Communication, linking satellites with regular mobile networks. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is discussing how mobile frequencies can be used for satellite services at the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference.
The guidelines lay out what Satellite Network Operators (SNOs) must do to provide D2M services in Tanzania:
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Mandatory Landing Rights: SNOs must secure satellite landing rights under Tanzania’s Electronic and Postal Communications Regulations (2025).
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Local MNO Partnership Required: All services must be delivered through formal partnerships with licensed Tanzanian mobile operators, backed by documented technical and commercial agreements.
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Cross-Border Interference Protection: Strict measures must prevent interference, particularly within 15km of national borders, to protect neighbouring countries’ networks.
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Quarterly Performance Reporting: Operators must submit regular reports detailing user terminals, service types (voice, SMS, data), and geographic coverage.
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MNO Spectrum Control Maintained: Mobile Network Operators retain full control over licensed spectrum allocation and usage.
Operators planning to launch these services need to submit a joint plan to TCRA, explaining network setup, coverage, spectrum use, and how they will prevent interference. Foreign satellites must have a TCRA landing rights certificate.
“The Guidelines establish a clear national regulatory framework for the provision of Direct-to-Mobile Phone Satellite Communication services, serving as an interim national position while international deliberations under Agenda Item 1.13 of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 (WRC-27) are still in progress,” TCRA said.
TCRA may be the first regulator in Africa to set rules for satellites reaching smartphones directly. “This development reaffirms the United Republic of Tanzania’s continued commitment to advancing innovation, strengthening digital resilience, and laying the foundation for future-oriented telecommunications infrastructure,” TCRA said.
The rules protect mobile companies while also raising a question, can satellite technology reach all corners of Africa if it must always work through terrestrial networks? How regulators and technology balance will shape Africa’s connectivity in the years ahead.
TCRA urges anyone planning to offer these services in Tanzania to read the guidelines carefully and follow the rules.
